This is the list of regularly occurring birds in Essex County, Massachusetts. Included for each species are occurrence codes for each quarter-month of the year. For practical purposes you can think of quarter-months as weeks. The codes are c for common, u for uncommon, r for rare, ( for start of nesting, ) for end of nesting, 1 for one recorded occurrence, 2 for two recorded occurrences, and + for irruptive species.
The information in this list is based on research by Jim Berry, Rick Heil, and the record keeping of many birders over many decades.
| Species | Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec |
| Greater White-fronted Goose | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---r rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Snow Goose | rrrr rrrr rruc ccuu urr- ---- ---- ---- -rrr uccc uuuu uurr |
| Canada Goose | cccc cccc cccc (ccc cccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Brant | uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc ccuu rr-- ---- ---- ---- rruu cccu uuuu |
| Mute Swan | uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Tundra Swan | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr |
| Whooper Swan | rrrr rrrr rr(r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr) rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Wood Duck | rrrr rrrr uccc ccc( cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc ccuu urrr rrrr |
| Gadwall | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu u(uu uuuu ucc) cccc uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Eurasian Wigeon | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| American Wigeon | rrrr rrrr uuuc cccc uuur r--- rrr- ---u cccc cccc cccc uuuu |
| American Black Duck | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Mallard | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Blue-winged Teal | r--- ---- -ruc cccc ccc( uuuu uuu) uucc cccc uuuu rrrr rrrr |
| Northern Shoveler | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r(rr rrr) rrrr rrrr rruu uuuu uurr rrrr |
| Northern Pintail | rrrr rruu uucc cuuu (uuu uuuu u)rr rrrr rruu cccc cccc uuuu |
| Green-winged Teal | uuuu uuuu uccc cccc c(uu uuuu uu)u uuuc cccc cccc cccc ccuu |
| Canvasback | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr |
| Redhead | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Ring-necked Duck | rrr- -rrr uucc cccu rrrr ---- ---- --rr rrru uccc cccu urrr |
| Greater Scaup | uuuu uccc cccc uuuu rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu uuuc cccc cccu |
| Lesser Scaup | rrrr rrrr rrru uurr ---- ---- ---- ---- ---r ruuu uuuu uurr |
| King Eider | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---r rrrr rrrr |
| Common Eider | cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc cccc cccc |
| Harlequin Duck | uuuu uuuu uuuu uurr rrrr rr1- ---- ---- ---- -ruu uuuu uuuu |
| Surf Scoter | cccc cccc cccc cccc cuur rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuc cccc cccc cccc |
| White-winged Scoter | cccc cccc cccc cccc ccuu rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuc cccc cccc cccc |
| Black Scoter | uuuu uuuu cccc ccuu uurr rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuu cccc cccc uuuu |
| Long-tailed Duck | cccc cccc cccc cccc ccuu rr-- ---- ---- ---r ruuc cccc cccc |
| Bufflehead | cccc cccc cccc cccc urrr rrrr ---- ---- --rr ruuc cccc cccc |
| Common Goldeneye | cccc cccc cccc cccu rrrr rrr- ---- ---- -rrr uccc cccc cccc |
| Barrow's Goldeneye | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr |
| Hooded Merganser | rrrr rrru cccc u(uu urrr rr)r rrrr rrrr rruu uucc cccc cuuu |
| Common Merganser | cccc cccc cccc cuuu rrr- ---- ---- ---- ---r rrrr uccc cccc |
| Red-breasted Merganser | cccc cccc cccc cccc cuuu urrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uucc cccc cccc |
| Ruddy Duck | rrrr rrrr uuuu uuur rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu cccc cuur |
| Ring-necked Pheasant | uuuu uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Ruffed Grouse | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Wild Turkey | uuuu uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Northern Bobwhite | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Red-throated Loon | uuuu uuuu uucc cccc ccuu rrr- -rr- ---- rrrr uucc cccc cccu |
| Pacific Loon | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr 1--- -1-- ---- ---- 11-- -rrr rrrr |
| Common Loon | cccc cccc cccc cccc ccuu rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu cccc cccc cccc |
| Pied-billed Grebe | rrrr rrrr uuuu uuuu (rrr rrrr rrr) rrrr uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr |
| Horned Grebe | cccc cccc cccc ccuu urrr rr-- ---- ---- -rrr ruuu cccc cccc |
| Red-necked Grebe | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr rrr- ---- ---- --rr ruuu uuuu uuuu |
| Eared Grebe | rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- --rr rrrr r--- ---r rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Western Grebe | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- 1--- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr |
| Northern Fulmar | uuuu uucc uurr rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- -ruu uuuu uurr rrrr |
| Cory's Shearwater | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- rrru uuuu uuuu uuuu ur-- ---- |
| Greater Shearwater | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr uucc cccc cccc cccc cccc ccuu r--- |
| Sooty Shearwater | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---r ruuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu urr- ---- |
| Manx Shearwater | ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr rrru uuuu uuuu uuuu rrrr rr-- r--- |
| Wilson's Storm-Petrel | ---- ---- ---- ---- --uu cccc cccc cccc ccrr ---- ---- ---- |
| Leach's Storm-Petrel | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rr-- ---- rrrr rrrr rrru urrr ---- |
| Northern Gannet | uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc ccuu uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc cccc cccc uuuu |
| Double-crested Cormorant | rrrr rrrr rruu ccc( cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cuuu uuur |
| Great Cormorant | cccc cccc cccc ccuu uurr ---- ---- ---- uuuu uuuc cccc cccc |
| American Bittern | rrrr rrrr rruu uuuu u(rr rrrr rrr) rrrr uuuu uuuu uuuu rrrr |
| Least Bittern | 1--- ---- ---- rrrr rrr( rrrr rrrr )rrr rrrr rrrr r--- -1-- |
| Great Blue Heron | uuuu uuuu uuuu (ccc ccuu uuuu )uuu cccc cccc cccc cccc ccuu |
| Great Egret | ---- ---- --rr uucc (ccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cuuu uurr ---- |
| Snowy Egret | ---- ---- --ru uccc cc(c cccc c)cc cccc cccc ccuu rrrr r--- |
| Little Blue Heron | ---- ---- ---- ruuu uu(u uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu urrr rrrr rr-- |
| Tricolored Heron | ---- ---- ---1 rrrr rr(r rrrr r)rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- |
| Cattle Egret | ---- ---- ---r uuuu uu(u uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuu uurr rrr- ---- |
| Green Heron | 1--- ---- ---- -ruu uc(c cccc cc)c ccuu uuuu rrrr rrr- ---- |
| Black-crowned Night-Heron | rrrr rrrr rruu cccc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc uuuu uuuu uurr |
| Yellow-crowned Night-Heron | ---- ---- -1-- -rrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- |
| Glossy Ibis | ---- ---- rrrr uuuc cu(u uuuu ucc) cccu uurr urrr ---- ---- |
| Turkey Vulture | rrrr rrrr uucc cc(c cccc cccc cccc cccc )ccc ccuu uurr rrrr |
| Osprey | ---- ---- ---r uuu( uuuu uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuc cuuu rrrr ---- |
| Bald Eagle | uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrru uuuu |
| Northern Harrier | uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc (uuu rrrr rrrr )uuu uuuc cccu uuuu uuuu |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | uuuu uuuu uuuu uccc cuu( rrrr rrr) rrrr uccc cccc ccuu uuuu |
| Cooper's Hawk | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu uu)u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Northern Goshawk | rrrr rrrr rrrr (rrr rrrr rrrr )rrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Red-shouldered Hawk | rrrr rrrr uuuu (uuu rrrr rr)r rrrr rrrr rrru uuuu rrrr rrrr |
| Broad-winged Hawk | ---- ---- ---- rucc c(cc uuuu uu)u uuuu cccu r--- ---- ---- |
| Red-tailed Hawk | cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Rough-legged Hawk | uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr rr1- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrru uuuu uuuu |
| Golden Eagle | ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr rrrr r--- |
| American Kestrel | rrrr rrrr uucc cccc (uuu uuuu u)uu uuuu cccc ccuu uurr rrrr |
| Merlin | rrrr rrrr rrru uuuu urr- ---- ---r rrrr uuuu uuuu uuuu rrrr |
| Gyrfalcon | rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr |
| Peregrine Falcon | rrrr rrrr rrru uuuu uuur rrrr rrrr rrrr rruu uuuu uuuu uurr |
| Yellow Rail | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr r--- ---- |
| Clapper Rail | rr-- ---- ---- --rr rr(r rrrr rrrr rr)r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| King Rail | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- ---- |
| Virginia Rail | rrrr rrrr rrrr uccc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cuuu uuuu rrrr |
| Sora | rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuu uu(u rrrr rr)r rrrr uuuu uuur rrrr rrrr |
| Common Moorhen | r--- ---- ---- --rr r(rr rrrr rrrr )rrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| American Coot | rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu r(rr rrrr rrr) rrrr rruu uuuu uuuu uuur |
| Sandhill Crane | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Black-bellied Plover | rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuc cccc cuuu uuuu cccc cccc cccc cuuu rrrr |
| American Golden-Plover | ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr 1-1- 1--- rrru uuuu uuuu urrr r--- |
| Semipalmated Plover | -1-- ---- ---- ---r uccc curr uucc cccc cccc ccuu urrr ---- |
| Piping Plover | ---- ---- -rru uuuu (uuu uuu) uuuu uuuu urrr ---- ---- ---- |
| Killdeer | rrrr rrrr uccc ccc( cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cuuu rrrr |
| American Oystercatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- |
| American Avocet | ---- ---- ---- ---- -11- ---- ---r rrrr rrrr rr-- -1-- 1--- |
| Greater Yellowlegs | rr-- ---- rrrr uccc cccc cuuu uucc cccc cccc cccc cuuu rrrr |
| Lesser Yellowlegs | 1111 1111 rrrr uuuc cccu uuuu cccc cccc cccc uuuu rrrr rrrr |
| Solitary Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- rruu uuuu r--- rruu uuuu uuuu rrrr ---- ---- |
| Willet | ---- ---- ---- -ruu cc(c cccc c)cu uuuu uuuu rrrr rr-- ---- |
| Spotted Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---r rrru ccc( cccc cccc c)cc ccuu urrr rrrr r1-- |
| Upland Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- |
| Whimbrel | ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu uuuu uuuu rrrr r1-- ---- |
| Hudsonian Godwit | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr ---- uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr 1--- |
| Marbled Godwit | 1111 1111 ---- ---- -rrr 1111 --rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r111 |
| Ruddy Turnstone | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuc cuur rruu cccc cccc ccuu uuuu rrrr |
| Red Knot | ---- ---- ---- ---r uuuu urrr rruu uuuu uuuu uurr rrrr r--- |
| Sanderling | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc ccuu uucc cccc cccc cccc cccc ccuu |
| Semipalmated Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- ---- rucc cuur uccc cccc cccc ccuu rrrr rr-- |
| Western Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrr- --rr rrrr ruur rrrr rrrr rr-- |
| Least Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- -rrc cccc uuuu uccc cccc cccu rrrr r--- ---- |
| White-rumped Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- --1- ruuu uurr rrru uuuu ccuu uuuu uurr rrrr |
| Baird's Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --1r rrrr rrrr rrrr rr1- ---- |
| Pectoral Sandpiper | ---- ---- -1rr uucc urrr r--r rruu uucc cccc cuuu rrrr ---- |
| Purple Sandpiper | cccc cccc cccc cccc cccu r--- -1-- -1-- ---- rruu uccc cccc |
| Dunlin | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuc cccc uurr rrrr rrrr uucc cccc cccc cccc |
| Curlew Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrr- -rrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Stilt Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- 1rrr rrrr -1-- ruuu uuuu uuuu rrrr rr-- ---- |
| Buff-breasted Sandpiper | ---- ---- ---- -1-- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr 111- ---- ---- |
| Ruff | ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr -1-1 rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- ---- ---- |
| Short-billed Dowitcher | ---- ---- -1-- -rrr uucc urru cccc cccc cccu urrr r--- ---- |
| Long-billed Dowitcher | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr ---- -ruu uuuu uuuu uuuu uurr rrrr |
| Wilson's Snipe | rrrr rrrr ruuc cccc urrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uucc cccc cuuu uuuu |
| American Woodcock | rrrr rrrr uucc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cuuu uurr rrrr |
| Wilson's Phalarope | ---- ---- ---- ---r ruuu (rrr r)rr rrrr rrrr rrr- -1-- ---- |
| Red-necked Phalarope | ---- ---- ---- ---- ruuu ---- -rrr ruuu uuuu rrrr rrrr 1--- |
| Red Phalarope | r--- ---- 1--- -rrr rrrr rr-- ---- rruu uuuu uuuu uurr rrrr |
| Pomarine Jaeger | ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr rruu uuuu uuuu uuur rrr- |
| Parasitic Jaeger | ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrru uuuu uuuu urrr rrr- ---- |
| Laughing Gull | 1--- 11-- ---- -rrr rrrr rrrr ruuu uccc cccc uuuu rrr- ---- |
| Franklin's Gull | ---- ---- 1--- --1- 111- -11- -11- 11r1 1-1- r--r 1--- ---- |
| Little Gull | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Black-headed Gull | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Bonaparte's Gull | uuuu uuuu uuuu uucc cccc uuuu uucc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccu |
| Mew Gull | rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- -1-- ---- ---- 1--- --1- ---- 1--- ---- |
| Ring-billed Gull | cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Herring Gull | cccc cccc cccc cccc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Iceland Gull | uuuu uuuu uuuu uurr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu |
| Lesser Black-backed Gull | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Glaucous Gull | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr -1-- 111- ---- ---- ---- 1rrr rrrr |
| Great Black-backed Gull | cccc cccc cccc cccc (ccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Black-legged Kittiwake | cccc cccc uuur rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uucc cccc cccc |
| Sabine's Gull | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Gull-billed Tern | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- |
| Caspian Tern | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- ---- |
| Royal Tern | ---- ---- ---- ---- 1--r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Roseate Tern | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- |
| Common Tern | -1-- ---- ---- --rr uc(c cccc cc)c cccc cccu uuur rrr- ---- |
| Arctic Tern | ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---- |
| Forster's Tern | ---- ---- -1-- -rrr rrr( rrrr rr)r rrru uuuu uuur rrrr rrrr |
| Least Tern | ---- ---- ---- -1-- uccc (ccc cc)c cccc urr- ---- ---- ---- |
| Black Tern | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuu uurr rr-- ---- ---- |
| Black Skimmer | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- |
| Dovekie | rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1rrr uuuu uurr |
| Common Murre | rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- 11-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr |
| Thick-billed Murre | uuuu uuuu rrrr r1-- 1--- ---- -1-- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr |
| Razorbill | cccc cccu uurr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr uucc cccc |
| Black Guillemot | cccc cccc cuuu uuur rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuc cccc |
| Atlantic Puffin | -1r- rrrr 1--- ---- 2--- -2-- ---- -r1r ---- -rrr rrrr r--- |
| Rock Pigeon | (ccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc ccc) |
| Mourning Dove | cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Black-billed Cuckoo | ---- ---- ---- 1-rr rru( uuuu uuu) uuuu rrrr rrrr 1--- ---- |
| Yellow-billed Cuckoo | ---- ---- ---- --rr rruu (uuu uur) rrrr uuuu uurr 1--- ---- |
| Barn Owl | rrrr rrrr rr(r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr) rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Eastern Screech-Owl | cccc cccc cccc (ccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Great Horned Owl | cccc c(cc cccc cccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Snowy Owl | uuuu uuuu uuuu rrrr rrrr ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr ruuu uuuu |
| Barred Owl | uuuu uuuu uuuu (uuu uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Long-eared Owl | uuuu uuuu rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuu |
| Short-eared Owl | uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr rrrr ---- ---- -1-- 1--r rrrr rrrr uuuu |
| Northern Saw-whet Owl | uuuu uuuu uuur r(rr rrrr rr)r rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuu uuuu uuuu |
| Common Nighthawk | ---- ---- ---- ---- -ucc urrr (rrr r)cc curr r--- ---- ---- |
| Whip-poor-will | ---- ---- ---- -rrr uu(u uuu) uuur rrrr rrrr rrr1 ---- ---- |
| Chimney Swift | ---- ---- ---- -rru cccc c(cc ccc) cccc ccuu rr-- -1-- ---- |
| Ruby-throated Hummingbird | ---- ---- ---- --rr ru(u uuuu )uuu uuuu uuur rr-- ---- ---- |
| Belted Kingfisher | rrrr rrrr rruu uuuu uu(u uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Red-headed Woodpecker | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr(r rrrr rr)r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu u(uu uuuu uu)u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | rrrr rrrr rrrr ruuu urrr ---- ---- ---- -rru uurr rrrr rrrr |
| Downy Woodpecker | cccc cccc cccc cccc cc(c ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Hairy Woodpecker | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu (uuu uu)u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Black-backed Woodpecker | rrrr r--- ---- ---- 11-- ---- ---- --1- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr |
| Northern Flicker | uuuu uuuu uuuu cccc (ccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc uuuu uuuu |
| Pileated Woodpecker | uuuu uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu uu)u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---- -ruu urrr r--- rrru rrrr rr-- ---- ---- |
| Eastern Wood-Pewee | ---- ---- ---- ---- rucc c(cc cccc )ccc ccuu rrr- ---- ---- |
| Yellow-bellied Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---- -ruu uur- ---- -ruu urrr rr-- ---- ---- |
| Acadian Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrr- 11-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- |
| Alder Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---- --uu uuu( rrr) --1- ---- ---- ---- ---- |
| Willow Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---- -ruc c(uu uu)u uurr rr-- ---- ---- ---- |
| Least Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---r uu(u rrrr rrr) rruu urrr ---- ---- ---- |
| Empidonax species | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- rruu uurr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Eastern Phoebe | ---- ---- rruu ccc( cccc cccc cccc )ccc cccc urrr rrrr rrrr |
| Great Crested Flycatcher | ---- ---- ---- ---r uc(c cccc c)cc cccc urrr rrrr -1-- ---- |
| Western Kingbird | ---- ---- ---- ---- -1-- ---- ---- -1-- rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- |
| Eastern Kingbird | ---- ---- ---- --rr uc(c cccc c)cc cccc cuur rrr- ---- ---- |
| Northern Shrike | rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr rrrr |
| Loggerhead Shrike | rrrr ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| White-eyed Vireo | ---- ---- ---- --rr rr(r rrrr rrr) rrrr rrrr rrrr rrr- ---- |
| Yellow-throated Vireo | ---- ---- ---- ---r r(uu uuuu uu)u uuuu rrrr r--- ---- ---- |
| Blue-headed Vireo | ---- ---- ---- -ruc c(uu rrr) rrrr rrrr rruu uuur rr-- 1--- |
| Warbling Vireo | ---- ---- ---- ---r uc(c cccc c)cc cccc ccuu r--- ---- ---- |
| Philadelphia Vireo | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr r--- ---- --ru uuuu rrrr ---- ---- |
| Red-eyed Vireo | ---- ---- ---- ---- ru(c cccc c)cc cccc cccc uuur r--- ---- |
| Blue Jay | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| American Crow | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Fish Crow | rrrr rrrr rruu uu(u urrr rrrr r)rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Common Raven | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Horned Lark | cccc cccc cccc cc(u uuuu uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uucc cccc cccc |
| Purple Martin | ---- ---- ---- rruu uu(u uuuu u)uu uucc curr ---- ---- ---- |
| Tree Swallow | ---- ---- rrru ucc( cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccu uurr rrrr rrrr |
| Northern Rough-winged Swallow | ---- ---- ---- rruu u(uu uuuu u)uu uuuu urrr r--- 1--- ---- |
| Bank Swallow | ---- ---- ---- -rru c(cc cccc cc)c cccc urr- ---- ---- ---- |
| Cliff Swallow | ---- ---- ---- rrrr uuuu (uuu uuuu uuu) urrr 1--- ---- ---- |
| Barn Swallow | -1-- ---- 1--- rruc cc(c cccc ccc) cccc ccuu rrrr rrrr ---- |
| Black-capped Chickadee | cccc cccc cccc cccc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Boreal Chickadee | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- 1--- ---- ---- -1-- rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Tufted Titmouse | cccc cccc cccc cccc c(cc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Red-breasted Nuthatch | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu u(uu uuuu )uuu uuuu uuuu cccc ccuu uuuu |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Brown Creeper | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuu( uuuu uuu) uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Carolina Wren | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| House Wren | -1-- 1--- ---- rrrr cc(c cccc cc)c cccc cccc urrr r--- 1-1- |
| Winter Wren | rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu uu(u uuuu )uuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uurr |
| Sedge Wren | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Marsh Wren | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrru uucc c(cc cccc c)cc cuuu uuuu rrrr rrrr |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet | cccc cccc cccc cccu rrrr (rrr rr)r rrrr rruc cccc cccc cccc |
| Ruby-crowned Kinglet | rrrr rrrr rrrr uucc ccur -1-- ---- ---- rruu ccuu rrrr rrrr |
| Blue-gray Gnatcatcher | ---- ---- ---- rruu (uuu uuuu )uuu uuuu urrr rrrr rrrr ---- |
| Northern Wheatear | ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1--- --rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rr-- ---- |
| Eastern Bluebird | uuuu uuuu uuuu uu(u uuuu uuuu uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Veery | ---- ---- ---- --rr cc(c cccc )ccc cccc curr ---- ---- ---- |
| Gray-cheeked or Bicknell's Thrush | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr ---- ---- ---- rrrr rr-- ---- ---- |
| Swainson's Thrush | ---- ---- ---- ---- rucu u--- -1-- --rr uccc uurr rrr- -1-- |
| Hermit Thrush | rrrr rrrr rrrr uucc c(cu uuuu )uuu uuuu uuuu cccc uuuu urrr |
| Wood Thrush | ---- ---- ---- --rr cc(c cccc cc)c cccu uuuu uurr rr-- 1--- |
| American Robin | cccc cccc cccc cccc (ccc cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Varied Thrush | rrrr rrrr r--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr |
| Gray Catbird | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrru cc(c cccc cccc c)cc cccc ccuu uuuu rrrr |
| Northern Mockingbird | cccc cccc cccc cccc c(cc cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Brown Thrasher | rrrr rrrr rrrr rruu uu(u uuuu uu)u uuuu uuuu uuur rrrr rrrr |
| European Starling | cccc cccc cccc (ccc cccc cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| American Pipit | 1--- 111- ---r uuuu uuur ---- ---- ---- -ruc cccc cuuu rrrr |
| Bohemian Waxwing | ++++ ++++ +--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -+++ ++++ ++++ |
| Cedar Waxwing | uuuu uuuu cccc cccc ccc( cccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc ccuu |
| Blue-winged Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- u(cc cccc )ccc cccc uurr r--- ---- ---- |
| Golden-winged Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- rr(r rrrr r)rr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- |
| Tennessee Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- rruu r--- ---- rrrr uuuu rrrr r--- ---- |
| Orange-crowned Warbler | rrrr rrr- ---- 1--- -rrr ---- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Nashville Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---r uuuu urrr rrrr rruu uuuu curr rrr- -1-- |
| Northern Parula | ---- ---- ---- --ru cccc rrrr 1-1- --ru cccu urrr ---- ---- |
| Yellow Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --rr c(cc cccc c)cc ccuu uuur rrr- 1--- 1--- |
| Chestnut-sided Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- ucc( uuuu u)uu uuuu uurr rrr- ---- ---- |
| Magnolia Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- rccc ur-- ---- -rru uuuu urrr r--- ---- |
| Cape May Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- ruur r--- ---- -rru uuur rrrr rrrr 1--- |
| Black-throated Blue Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --rr uccc r--- ---- --ru uuuu uurr r--- ---- |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler | uuuu uuuu uuuu uccc ccc( rrr) rrrr rrrr ruuc cccc cccc cuuu |
| Black-throated Green Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --ru c(cc cccc c)cc cccc cccc urrr rr1- -1-- |
| Blackburnian Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---r uc(c urrr r)rr rrru uurr rrr- ---- ---- |
| Yellow-throated Warbler | 1--- ---- ---- ---- 1rrr ---- --1- -rrr rrrr rr1- 1112 1211 |
| Pine Warbler | rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu u(uu uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uuuu uurr rrrr |
| Prairie Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --rr uu(c cccc c)uu uuuu urrr rrrr r1-1 ---- |
| Palm Warbler | rrrr r--- --rr uccc curr 11-- ---- ---r ruuc cccu urrr rrrr |
| Bay-breasted Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- -uuu r--- ---- rruu uurr rrrr -1-- ---- |
| Blackpoll Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- rucc urrr ---1 rrrr rucc ccur rrrr -1-- |
| Cerulean Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rrr rr-- ---- 1rrr rr-- ---- ---- ---- |
| Black-and-white Warbler | ---- ---- -1-- -rru c(cc cccc c)cc cccc ccuu uuur rrr- ---- |
| American Redstart | ---- ---- ---- ---r uc(c cccc c)cc cccc cccu uuur rr-- -1-- |
| Prothonotary Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr r--- ---- rrrr rrrr -1-- ---- ---- |
| Worm-eating Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --1r rrrr rrr- ---- --rr rrr- ---- ---- ---- |
| Ovenbird | 1--- ---- ---- -1ru cc(c cccc )ccc uuuu uuuu rrrr rrr- 1-1- |
| Northern Waterthrush | r--- ---- ---- --rr c(cc uurr r)rr uuuu uuuu rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Louisiana Waterthrush | ---- ---- ---- rrrr (rrr rrr) rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- ---- |
| Kentucky Warbler | ---- ---- ---- -1-- rrr- ---- ---- rrrr rrr- ---- ---- ---- |
| Connecticut Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- --1- ---- ---- -r-- rrrr rr1- ---- ---- |
| Mourning Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- -ruu urr- -1-- -rrr rruu uurr r--- ---- |
| Common Yellowthroat | r--- -1-- ---- --ru cc(c cccc cc)c cccc cccc cuuu urrr rrrr |
| Hooded Warbler | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr r--- ---- --rr rrrr rrr- --1- ---- |
| Wilson's Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- -uuc ur-- ---- -rrr uuuu urrr ---- ---- |
| Canada Warbler | ---- ---- ---- ---- -uu( urrr r)rr ruuu uuur rr-- ---- ---- |
| Yellow-breasted Chat | rrrr rrrr ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Scarlet Tanager | ---- ---- ---- ---r ucc( cccc ccc) cccc cccc uurr rr-- ---- |
| Summer Tanager | ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rr-- ---- ---- rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Western Tanager | rrrr rrrr ---- ---- -11- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Eastern Towhee | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrru c(cc cccc c)cc cccc cccc ccuu uuuu urrr |
| American Tree Sparrow | cccc cccc cccc cuuu rr1- ---- ---- ---- ---r rruu cccc cccc |
| Chipping Sparrow | ---- ---- ---- uucc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc ccuu urrr rrrr |
| Clay-colored Sparrow | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Field Sparrow | rrrr rrrr rrru uucc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccu uuuu urrr |
| Vesper Sparrow | ---- ---- ---r rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Lark Sparrow | ---- ---- ---- ---- -1-- ---- ---- ---r rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Lark Bunting | ---- ---- ---- ---- -rr- r--- ---- -r1- rrrr -1-- ---- rrrr |
| Savannah Sparrow | uuuu uuuu uuuc cccc c(cc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc uuuu |
| Grasshopper Sparrow | ---- ---- ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow | ---- ---- ---- ---- rrrr ---- ---- ---- rrru ccuu uurr rrrr |
| Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow | ---- ---- ---- ---r uccc (ccc cccc cc)c cccc ccuu uurr rrrr |
| Seaside Sparrow | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr uuuu (uuu uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uuuu rrrr |
| Fox Sparrow | rrrr rrrr rruu uuu- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- uuuu uuuu uurr |
| Song Sparrow | cccc cccc cccc cccc (ccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Lincoln's Sparrow | r--- ---- ---- -rrr uuuu rr-- ---- ---- -uuu uuuu uuur r--- |
| Swamp Sparrow | uuuu uuuu uuuu uucc c(cc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc uuuu |
| White-throated Sparrow | uuuu uuuu uuuc cccc cc(c rrrr rr)r rrrr uccc cccc cccc cccc |
| White-crowned Sparrow | rrrr rrrr rrrr rruu uuuu ---- ---- ---- ---u uuuu rrrr rrrr |
| Dark-eyed Junco | cccc cccc cccc ccuu uuuu rrrr rrrr rrrr uucc cccc cccc cccc |
| Lapland Longspur | uuuu uuuu uuuu urrr r--- ---- ---- ---- --rr ruuu uuuu uuuu |
| Snow Bunting | uuuu uuuu uuuu rr-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---r rruc cccc cccc |
| Northern Cardinal | cccc cccc cccc cccc c(cc cccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Rose-breasted Grosbeak | ---- ---- ---- --rr cc(c cccc ccc) cccc cccc cuuu rrrr ---- |
| Blue Grosbeak | ---- ---- ---- -rrr rrrr ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- |
| Indigo Bunting | ---- ---- ---- --uu uuuu (uuu uuu) uuuu urrr rrrr r--- ---- |
| Dickcissel | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr rrrr |
| Bobolink | ---- ---- ---- --rr uccc (ccc cc)c cccc ccuu urrr ---- ---- |
| Red-winged Blackbird | rrrr rrru cccc cccc (ccc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc cccc uuuu |
| Eastern Meadowlark | rrrr rrrr uuuu uuuu u(uu uuuu uu)u uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| Yellow-headed Blackbird | ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- --rr rrrr rrr- ---- ---- |
| Rusty Blackbird | rrrr rrrr uuuu cccc uu-- ---- ---- ---- uucc cccc uurr rrrr |
| Common Grackle | rrrr rrru cccc cccc c(cc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc uurr |
| Brown-headed Cowbird | rrrr rrru cccc cccc cc(c c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc uurr |
| Orchard Oriole | ---- ---- ---- ---- uu(u uurr r)rr rrrr rrrr ---- ---- ---- |
| Baltimore Oriole | rrrr rrrr rrrr rrru cc(c cccc cc)c cccc cccu uuuu rrrr rrrr |
| Pine Grosbeak | ++++ ++++ ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --++ ++++ ++++ |
| Purple Finch | uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu u(uu uuuu uuuu u)uu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu |
| House Finch | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc cccc c)cc cccc cccc cccc cccc |
| Red Crossbill | ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++(+ ++++ +++) ---- ---- ++++ ++++ ++++ |
| White-winged Crossbill | ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ++++ ++++ |
| Common Redpoll | ++++ ++++ ++++ ++-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---+ ++++ ++++ |
| Hoary Redpoll | rrrr rrrr rrrr r--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -1-- --1- |
| Pine Siskin | ++++ ++++ ++++ (+++ +++) ++++ +++- ---- ---+ ++++ ++++ ++++ |
| American Goldfinch | cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc c(cc cccc ccc) cccc cccc cccc |
| Evening Grosbeak | ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ |
| House Sparrow | cccc cccc cccc cc(c cccc cccc cccc cc)c cccc cccc cccc cccc |